Read this query plan with me

You have an EXPLAIN output and no idea which line is the problem.

Walk me through this query plan.

1. Identify the operation consuming the most actual time, not the highest estimated cost.
2. Point out every place where the estimated row count differs sharply from the actual. Say what causes each mismatch: stale statistics, correlated predicates, a function the planner cannot estimate.
3. Name the join strategies chosen and say whether each makes sense at these row counts. Flag any nested loop over a large outer set.
4. Identify spills to disk, external sorts, and anything re-executed per row.
5. Translate the top problem into plain language: what is the database actually doing too much of?

Then give me the single highest-impact change, and say what the plan should look like afterwards so I can confirm it worked.

Query:
Plan:

Making queries faster. Diagnosing a slow query, reading the plan, and finding the smallest index that fixes it.